在太阳能光伏电站运行过程中，运维人员常会观察到光伏板表面或周边区域漂浮着白色斑点或絮状物。这些物质的形成与光伏发电系统的运行环境、材料特性及气象条件密切相关，其成分与影响需结合具体场景进行科学分析。

　　During the operation of solar photovoltaic power plants, maintenance personnel often observe white spots or flocculent objects floating on the surface or surrounding areas of the photovoltaic panels. The formation of these substances is closely related to the operating environment, material characteristics, and meteorological conditions of photovoltaic power generation systems, and their composition and impact need to be scientifically analyzed in conjunction with specific scenarios.

　　白色漂浮物的成分溯源

　　Traceability of the components of white floating objects

　　光伏板表面白色沉积物的主要成分包括无机盐类、有机污染物及微粒物质。沿海地区光伏电站的白色斑点多为盐雾结晶，空气中的氯化钠颗粒随海风沉积于板面，遇露水或雨水后形成白色晶斑。内陆干旱地区则常见钙镁碳酸盐沉积，源于空气中的粉尘与硬水残留。

　　The main components of white sediment on the surface of photovoltaic panels include inorganic salts, organic pollutants, and particulate matter. The white spots of photovoltaic power plants in coastal areas are mostly salt spray crystals, and sodium chloride particles in the air deposit on the surface of the board with the sea breeze, forming white crystal spots when exposed to dew or rainwater. In inland arid areas, calcium and magnesium carbonate deposits are common, originating from dust and hard water residues in the air.

　　有机污染物主要来源于植物花粉、昆虫分泌物及鸟类排泄物。春季杨柳飞絮高发期，光伏阵列间易形成白色絮状物堆积，某些植物花粉含有蛋白质与多糖，遇潮湿环境会形成粘性膜层。鸟类在光伏支架筑巢产生的排泄物，经风干后呈现白色粉末状，其尿酸成分具有腐蚀性。

　　Organic pollutants mainly come from plant pollen, insect secretions, and bird excrement. During the high incidence period of willow catkins in spring, white flocs are prone to accumulate between photovoltaic arrays. Some plant pollen contains proteins and polysaccharides, which can form a sticky film layer when exposed to humid environments. The excrement produced by birds building nests on photovoltaic supports appears as a white powder after air drying, and its uric acid component is corrosive.

　　对发电效率的影响机制

　　The impact mechanism on power generation efficiency

　　白色污染物通过三种途径降低光伏系统发电量：一是遮挡效应，直径0.5毫米的颗粒物即可使入射光强度衰减，据实测数据，10克/平方米的灰尘沉积会使发电量下降；二是热斑效应，污染物局部遮挡导致电池片温差过大，长期运行会诱发EVA胶膜老化加速；三是腐蚀作用，盐雾结晶中的氯离子渗透至玻璃盖板表面，与钠离子形成导电通道，增加表面漏电流。

　　White pollutants can reduce the power generation of photovoltaic systems through three ways: firstly, the blocking effect. Particles with a diameter of 0.5 millimeters can attenuate the intensity of incident light. According to measured data, dust deposition of 10 grams per square meter can reduce the power generation; The second is the hot spot effect, where pollutants partially block and cause excessive temperature differences in the battery cells. Long term operation can induce accelerated aging of the EVA film; The third is corrosion, where chloride ions in salt spray crystals penetrate the surface of the glass cover plate and form conductive channels with sodium ions, increasing surface leakage current.

　　环境与设备危害评估

　　Environmental and equipment hazard assessment

　　从生态视角看，自然来源的白色漂浮物通常不构成生态威胁。花粉、植物碎屑等有机物可被微生物分解，盐雾结晶随雨水冲刷回归土壤。但工业区附近的锌白、钛白粉等颜料颗粒可能改变土壤pH值，需定期监测沉积物重金属含量。

　　From an ecological perspective, naturally occurring white floating debris typically does not pose an ecological threat. Organic matter such as pollen and plant debris can be decomposed by microorganisms, and salt spray crystals return to the soil with rainwater erosion. However, pigment particles such as zinc white and titanium dioxide near industrial areas may alter soil pH values, and regular monitoring of sediment heavy metal content is necessary.

　　对设备而言，长期未清理的沉积物会引发连锁反应。某光伏电站对比数据显示，连续运行180天未清洗的组件，其输出功率衰减率达清洗组的2.3倍。更严重的是，热斑效应导致的局部过热会使电池片隐裂率提升，缩短组件使用寿命。

　　For equipment, long-term uncleaned sediment can trigger a chain reaction. According to comparative data from a certain photovoltaic power station, the output power attenuation rate of components that have not been cleaned for 180 consecutive days is 2.3 times that of the cleaning group. More seriously, local overheating caused by the hot spot effect can increase the hidden cracking rate of battery cells and shorten the service life of components.

　　科学治理与预防策略

　　Scientific governance and prevention strategies

　　运维需建立“预防-治理-评估”闭环体系。预防层面，在沿海电站采用自清洁镀膜玻璃，其表面憎水角可达115°，使盐雾颗粒难以附着；在内陆电站加装防风抑尘网，减少粉尘沉降。治理环节，推荐使用超纯水清洗系统，避免自来水中的矿物质残留形成二次污染。

　　Operations and maintenance need to establish a closed-loop system of "prevention governance evaluation". On the preventive level, self-cleaning coated glass is used in coastal power stations, with a surface hydrophobicity angle of up to 115 °, making it difficult for salt spray particles to adhere; Install windproof and dust suppression nets in inland power stations to reduce dust deposition. In the governance process, it is recommended to use an ultra pure water cleaning system to avoid secondary pollution caused by mineral residues in tap water.

　　智能监测技术正在改变传统运维模式。通过在光伏阵列部署微型光谱仪，可实时分析污染物成分，当沉积物厚度超过临界值时，系统自动启动清洗程序。某试点项目数据显示，该技术使运维成本降低，发电量提升。

　　Intelligent monitoring technology is changing the traditional operation and maintenance mode. By deploying a miniature spectrometer in the photovoltaic array, the composition of pollutants can be analyzed in real time. When the sediment thickness exceeds the critical value, the system automatically starts the cleaning program. Data from a pilot project shows that this technology reduces operational costs and increases power generation.

　　白色漂浮物是光伏电站运行环境的客观反映，其治理需兼顾发电效率与生态保护。通过材料创新、智能运维及科学管理，可最大限度降低其负面影响，推动光伏产业高质量发展。

　　White floating objects are an objective reflection of the operating environment of photovoltaic power plants, and their management needs to balance power generation efficiency and ecological protection. Through material innovation, intelligent operation and maintenance, and scientific management, the negative impact can be minimized to promote the high-quality development of the photovoltaic industry.

　　本文由太阳能光伏发电情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击:http://www.zdnygf.com我们将会对您提出的疑问进行详细的解答，欢迎您登录网站留言.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from distributed photovoltaic power generation For more information, please click: http://www.zdnygf.com We will provide detailed answers to your questions. You are welcome to log in to our website and leave a message