光伏车棚作为兼具发电功能与车辆停放功能的设施，其性能与使用寿命很大程度上取决于所选用的材料。从核心的发电组件到支撑结构、辅助材料，每一种材料都发挥着不可或缺的作用，下面为你详细介绍。​

As a facility that combines power generation and vehicle parking functions, the performance and service life of photovoltaic carports largely depend on the materials selected. From the core power generation components to the supporting structures and auxiliary materials, each material plays an indispensable role. Below is a detailed introduction for you. ​

一、核心发电材料：光伏组件​

1、 Core power generation material: Photovoltaic modules

光伏组件是光伏车棚实现太阳能转化为电能的关键部件，常见的有晶硅类组件和薄膜类组件。​

Photovoltaic modules are key components for photovoltaic carports to convert solar energy into electrical energy, commonly including crystalline silicon modules and thin-film modules. ​

晶硅类组件：包括单晶硅组件和多晶硅组件。单晶硅组件采用单晶硅片制作，其硅纯度高，转换效率在 18%-24% 左右，发电性能稳定，外观颜色统一，呈深蓝色，具有较高的美观度。不过，单晶硅组件的成本相对较高。多晶硅组件由多晶硅片构成，其转换效率略低于单晶硅组件，一般在 15%-20% ，但价格更亲民，性价比高。在光照条件良好的地区，多晶硅组件也能实现高效发电。​

Crystalline silicon components: including monocrystalline silicon components and polycrystalline silicon components. Monocrystalline silicon modules are made of monocrystalline silicon wafers, which have high silicon purity, conversion efficiency of around 18% -24%, stable power generation performance, uniform appearance color, dark blue, and high aesthetic appeal. However, the cost of monocrystalline silicon components is relatively high. Polycrystalline silicon modules are composed of polycrystalline silicon wafers, and their conversion efficiency is slightly lower than that of monocrystalline silicon modules, generally around 15% -20%, but they are more affordable and cost-effective. In areas with good lighting conditions, polycrystalline silicon components can also achieve efficient power generation. ​

薄膜类组件：常见的有碲化镉（CdTe）薄膜组件和铜铟镓硒（CIGS）薄膜组件。薄膜组件具有轻薄、柔性好的特点，可制成不同形状，适用于曲面或异形的光伏车棚设计。碲化镉薄膜组件成本较低，大规模生产时优势明显，且弱光性能好，在清晨、傍晚等光照较弱的时段也能发电；铜铟镓硒薄膜组件转换效率较高，最高可达 20% 以上，且稳定性强，但制备工艺复杂，成本相对较高。​

Thin film components: Common ones include cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin film components and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin film components. Thin film modules have the characteristics of being lightweight and flexible, and can be made into different shapes, suitable for designing curved or irregular photovoltaic carports. Cadmium telluride thin film modules have lower costs, significant advantages in large-scale production, and good low light performance. They can also generate electricity during periods of weak light such as early morning and evening; Copper indium gallium selenide thin film components have high conversion efficiency, up to 20% or more, and strong stability, but the preparation process is complex and the cost is relatively high. ​

二、支撑结构材料​

2、 Supporting structural materials

支撑结构是光伏车棚的骨架，承担着固定光伏组件和抵御外界荷载的作用，常用的材料有钢材和铝合金。​

The supporting structure is the skeleton of the photovoltaic carport, which bears the role of fixing photovoltaic modules and resisting external loads. Commonly used materials include steel and aluminum alloy. ​

钢材：热镀锌钢材是光伏车棚中应用广泛的材料之一。热镀锌工艺在钢材表面形成一层致密的锌层，能有效防止钢材生锈，增强其耐腐蚀性，延长使用寿命。钢材的强度高、承载能力强，可根据车棚的设计需求，加工成各种形状和规格的钢梁、钢柱。例如，在大型商业停车场的光伏车棚中，使用大规格的 H 型钢作为立柱和主梁，能承受较大的风荷载和雪荷载。但钢材重量较大，安装时需要专业的吊装设备，且后期维护中若锌层受损，需及时进行防腐处理。​

Steel: Hot dip galvanized steel is one of the widely used materials in photovoltaic carports. The hot-dip galvanizing process forms a dense layer of zinc on the surface of steel, which can effectively prevent rusting, enhance its corrosion resistance, and extend its service life. Steel has high strength and strong bearing capacity, and can be processed into various shapes and specifications of steel beams and columns according to the design requirements of the carport. For example, in the photovoltaic carport of a large commercial parking lot, large-sized H-beams are used as columns and main beams, which can withstand large wind and snow loads. But the weight of the steel is relatively large, and professional lifting equipment is required for installation. If the zinc layer is damaged during later maintenance, anti-corrosion treatment should be carried out in a timely manner. ​

铝合金：铝合金材料具有重量轻、强度高、耐腐蚀的特点。其密度约为钢材的三分之一，在保证结构强度的同时，降低了车棚的整体重量，便于运输和安装。铝合金表面可通过阳极氧化、电泳涂漆等工艺进行处理，进一步提高其耐腐蚀性和美观度。铝合金材料的加工性能好，能够制作出造型多样的车棚结构，适用于对外观要求较高的场所，如住宅小区、景区停车场等。不过，铝合金的成本相对钢材较高。​

Aluminum alloy: Aluminum alloy materials have the characteristics of light weight, high strength, and corrosion resistance. Its density is about one-third of that of steel, which reduces the overall weight of the carport while ensuring structural strength, making it easier to transport and install. The surface of aluminum alloy can be treated through processes such as anodizing and electrophoretic coating to further improve its corrosion resistance and aesthetics. Aluminum alloy materials have good processing performance and can be used to create various shapes of carport structures, suitable for places with high appearance requirements, such as residential communities, scenic parking lots, etc. However, the cost of aluminum alloy is relatively high compared to steel. ​

三、辅助材料​

3、 Auxiliary materials

除了核心发电组件和支撑结构材料外，光伏车棚还需要多种辅助材料，以确保其正常运行和安全性。​

In addition to the core power generation components and supporting structural materials, photovoltaic carports also require various auxiliary materials to ensure their normal operation and safety. ​

连接材料：包括螺栓、螺母、铆钉等。高强度螺栓用于连接钢材部件，能够提供可靠的连接强度，保证车棚结构的稳定性；铝合金专用连接件则用于铝合金结构的连接，这些连接件通常采用与铝合金材质相近的材料制成，避免产生电化学腐蚀。此外，还有用于光伏组件之间电气连接的电缆、接线端子等，这些电缆需具备良好的绝缘性能和耐候性，以保证电力传输的安全和稳定。​

Connection materials: including bolts, nuts, rivets, etc. High strength bolts are used to connect steel components, providing reliable connection strength and ensuring the stability of the carport structure; Aluminum alloy special connectors are used for connecting aluminum alloy structures. These connectors are usually made of materials similar to aluminum alloy materials to avoid electrochemical corrosion. In addition, there are cables, wiring terminals, etc. used for electrical connections between photovoltaic modules, which need to have good insulation performance and weather resistance to ensure the safety and stability of power transmission. ​

防护材料：为了保护光伏组件和支撑结构，会使用密封胶、防水胶条等防护材料。密封胶用于光伏组件的边框密封，防止雨水、灰尘等进入组件内部，影响发电性能；防水胶条安装在车棚的接缝处，起到防水、防尘的作用。同时，还会在支撑结构表面涂刷防腐涂料，进一步增强其防腐蚀能力。​

Protective materials: In order to protect the photovoltaic modules and supporting structures, protective materials such as sealant and waterproof tape will be used. Sealing glue is used for the frame sealing of photovoltaic modules to prevent rainwater, dust, etc. from entering the interior of the modules and affecting their power generation performance; The waterproof rubber strip is installed at the joint of the carport to prevent water and dust. At the same time, anti-corrosion coating will be applied to the surface of the supporting structure to further enhance its anti-corrosion ability. ​

电气设备材料：光伏车棚的电气系统包括汇流箱、逆变器、变压器等设备。汇流箱用于将多个光伏组件的电流汇集起来；逆变器则将光伏组件产生的直流电转换为交流电，以便接入电网；变压器用于调整电压，满足并网要求。这些电气设备需选用质量可靠、符合相关标准的产品，以确保发电系统的稳定运行。

Electrical equipment materials: The electrical system of the photovoltaic carport includes equipment such as combiner boxes, inverters, transformers, etc. A combiner box is used to collect the current from multiple photovoltaic modules; Inverters convert the direct current generated by photovoltaic modules into alternating current for connection to the power grid; Transformers are used to adjust voltage and meet grid connection requirements. These electrical equipment need to use products with reliable quality and compliance with relevant standards to ensure the stable operation of the power generation system.

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