分布式光伏发电作为一种就近利用太阳能资源的清洁能源解决方案，其核心理念在于“自发自用、余电上网”，即优先满足用户自身用电需求，多余电量则并入公共电网，从而实现能源的高效利用与资源优化配置。

Distributed photovoltaic power generation, as a clean energy solution that utilizes solar energy resources nearby, is based on the core concept of "spontaneous self use and surplus electricity grid connection", which prioritizes meeting users' own electricity needs and integrates surplus electricity into the public grid, thereby achieving efficient energy utilization and optimized resource allocation.

在应用场景方面，分布式光伏发电展现出极强的灵活性与适配性，尤其适用于用电需求集中且具备闲置空间资源的区域。

In terms of application scenarios, distributed photovoltaic power generation exhibits strong flexibility and adaptability, especially suitable for areas with concentrated electricity demand and idle space resources.

在工商业领域，工厂、商场等大型建筑的屋顶空间可通过安装光伏发电系统直接为生产或运营供电，这种模式不仅能够显著降低企业用电成本，还能有效缓解高峰时段的电网负荷压力，尤其对于高耗能企业而言，分布式光伏发电已成为其实现能源结构转型与降本增效的重要途径。

In the field of industry and commerce, the roof space of large buildings such as factories and shopping malls can be directly powered by installing photovoltaic power generation systems for production or operation. This model can not only significantly reduce the electricity cost of enterprises, but also effectively alleviate the load pressure on the power grid during peak hours. Especially for high energy consuming enterprises, distributed photovoltaic power generation has become an important way to achieve energy structure transformation and cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

在农业场景中，通过将光伏板架设在农田、大棚或鱼塘上方，既可实现土地资源的复合利用，又能为农业生产提供稳定的清洁电力支持，形成“农光互补”“渔光互补”等创新模式，推动现代农业的可持续发展。

In agricultural scenarios, by installing photovoltaic panels above farmland, greenhouses, or fish ponds, it is possible to achieve the composite utilization of land resources and provide stable clean power support for agricultural production, forming innovative models such as "agricultural photovoltaic complementarity" and "fishery photovoltaic complementarity", and promoting the sustainable development of modern agriculture.

公共设施领域同样具有巨大潜力，污水处理厂、垃圾处理站等市政设施可利用水池顶部或建筑屋顶铺设光伏组件，在满足自身高能耗需求的同时大幅减少碳排放，实现环境效益与经济效益的双赢。

The field of public facilities also has great potential. Municipal facilities such as sewage treatment plants and garbage treatment stations can use photovoltaic modules on the top of water tanks or building roofs to meet their own high energy consumption needs while significantly reducing carbon emissions, achieving a win-win situation of environmental and economic benefits.

此外，城市交通枢纽、市政设施（如充电桩、路灯等）也可通过搭载小型光伏系统，为日常运维提供绿色电力支持，进一步提升城市基础设施的智能化与低碳化水平。值得注意的是，分布式光伏发电还能与生态修复工程紧密结合，例如在矿区复垦、盐碱地治理等项目中，光伏系统的建设既可提供清洁能源，又能辅助改善生态环境，形成“光伏+生态”的综合治理模式。对于新建或改造建筑而言，光伏组件还可集成于建筑外墙、幕墙等结构中，成为兼具发电功能与美学价值的建筑一体化材料（BIPV），推动绿色建筑的发展。

In addition, urban transportation hubs and municipal facilities (such as charging stations, street lights, etc.) can also provide green power support for daily operation and maintenance by installing small photovoltaic systems, further enhancing the intelligence and low-carbon level of urban infrastructure. It is worth noting that distributed photovoltaic power generation can also be closely integrated with ecological restoration projects. For example, in projects such as mining area reclamation and saline alkali land treatment, the construction of photovoltaic systems can provide clean energy and assist in improving the ecological environment, forming a comprehensive management model of "photovoltaic+ecology". For newly constructed or renovated buildings, photovoltaic modules can also be integrated into building exterior walls, curtain walls, and other structures, becoming a building integrated material (BIPV) that combines power generation and aesthetic value, promoting the development of green buildings.

分布式光伏发电的核心优势主要体现在以下几个方面：首先，其具有显著的环保减碳效益，据统计，1千瓦光伏系统年发电量约为1200度，相当于减少燃煤400千克、降低二氧化碳排放1吨，对于实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义；其次，分布式光伏能够有效缓解电网压力，通过就近发电、就近消纳的方式减少长途输电损耗，提升区域电网的稳定性与可靠性；

The core advantages of distributed photovoltaic power generation are mainly reflected in the following aspects: firstly, it has significant environmental and carbon reduction benefits. According to statistics, the annual power generation of a 1 kW photovoltaic system is about 1200 kWh, which is equivalent to reducing coal consumption by 400 kg and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 1 ton. This is of great significance for achieving the "dual carbon" goal; Secondly, distributed photovoltaics can effectively alleviate the pressure on the power grid, reduce long-distance transmission losses through nearby power generation and consumption, and enhance the stability and reliability of regional power grids;

最后，其经济性优势尤为突出，在工商业领域，光伏发电的高峰时段与用电高峰高度重合，企业可通过自发自用大幅降低电费支出，例如中国能建中南院投资建设的北湖污水厂分布式光伏发电站，成功将污水处理厂的闲置空间转化为能源生产基地，年发电量达2200万度，年节省电费超千万元，成为“水务+光伏”复合型基础设施升级的典范。

Finally, its economic advantages are particularly prominent. In the industrial and commercial fields, the peak period of photovoltaic power generation coincides with the peak period of electricity consumption. Enterprises can significantly reduce their electricity bills through self use. For example, the distributed photovoltaic power station of Beihu Sewage Treatment Plant invested and constructed by China Energy Engineering Central South Institute has successfully transformed the idle space of the sewage treatment plant into an energy production base, with an annual power generation of 22 million kWh and an annual savings of over 10 million yuan in electricity bills. It has become a model for upgrading the "water+photovoltaic" composite infrastructure.

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